Lucia brings light in the darkest night of the year and is a mix of pagan and christian traditions. It is celebrated in Scandinavia with processions, saffron buns and church concerts.
Luciadagen is celebrated in Scandinavia, especially in Sweden, on 13th December, marking the start of Nordic Christmas, Jul, season. Sankta Lucia is typically depitcted with a wreath of candles.
1. Lucia was a dangerous night…– the pagan origin
Lussinatta was observed between Norway and Sweden. On that magic night, Lussi, a dark, female creature, would come with witches and trolls, punishing those who misbehaved or did not observe Yule preparations -also by going down the chimney (reminds me of somebody…) and blowing up the house… To protect oneself, it was necessary to stay indoors and respect the tradition of Lussevaka, staying awake and watching out on the longest night of the year. Candles would also help protect.
2. The real Lucia was Sicilian – the christian origin
Saint Lucy was a Syracusan martyr of the 4th century AD. Some say she brought food to Christians hidden in the Roman catacombs, with candles on her head to have her hands free. A figure who brings light in the darkness, much needed in the Northern winter, replaced the dark creatures of Lussinatta!
3. Lucia’s modern look came from Germany
The current celebration of Lucia is derived from the German tradition of Kindchen Jesus or Christkind (child Jesus). The Christkind was represented by a girl dressed in white, wearing a crown and lights, who handed out gifts to children. The tradition was brought to Sweden in the 1700s, where the name became Kinken Jes and spread from southwestern Sweden. It became common among wealthy families that a girl dressed as Lucia would serve breakfast in the 1800s.
Findus-Lucia with pepparkakor!Mu
4. A Lucia is elected each year
The girls representing local Lucias in processions are elected each year, as is one national Lucia for whole Sweden. The first public procession in Sweden took place in 1927, when a newspaper in Stockholm elected an official Lucia of that year for Stockholm. There used to be Lucia contests, but nowadays it is more about children processions, with schools which often let chance decide who’s to be Lucia, for example by organising a draw.
5. Lucia’s male counterparts are Star boys, gingerbread men and christmas elves
The processions include the Lucia at the head, giving out sweets, accompanied by other angel girls and boys dressed as stjärngossar“star boys”, in white, wearing a cone hat with golden stars and holding a star stick. They are linked to stjärngossespel, a tradition from middle ages consisting in ‘star’ children going door to door singing songs, representing the Three Kings. Other children arepepparkaksgubbar (gingerbread men) andtomtenissar(Christmas elves). Lucia songs as are sung, as Natten går tunga fjät “the night comes heavily”. It is actually based off a song by a Neapolitan composer.
6. Lucia’s treats: Saffron buns
Around Advent time Sweden is full of Saffron buns, especially the classic Lussekatter, shaped like an S with raisins, which would be shaped as curled-up cats with some fantasy.
lussekatt, with a pepparkakasaffransbullar
Other Advent-time treats as pepparkakor (spiced cookies) and glögg (mulled whine) are also commonly linked to Lucia traditions.
7. Lucia is celebrated in the rest of Scandinavia…and Italy
The Swedish-speaking population of Finland celebrates Luciasfester. Finland elects its Lucia since 1949, when she was elected and crowned in the cathedral of Helsinki, but the very first Finnish Lucia might have been elected in a school in Åbo/Turku in 1898. In Denmark and Norway, Lucia started being celebrated during and after WW2, and it is mostly celebrated in schools and kindergartens. In 1944, the tradition was brought to Denmark with the first procession in Copenhagen, as a way to strengthen common Nordic traditions in the dark times of German occupation.
Some parts of Italy also celebrate Lucia! That is mostly around Bergamo, North Italy, where Lucia comes on a donkey and brings presents in the night, and children leave some treats as cookies for her. The 13th is also a special day in schools! It is also celebrated in Sicily, where it is more christianity-centered.
Discover Ice creams to try in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway: all-time classics,
Popular flavors, and curious novelties.
Since travelling to Scandinavia for the first time, i got quite acquainted with ice lollies available there, they have of course the magnum ice creams you see everywhre, but also quite a few interesting national classics, which vary. Here is a guide, so you are prepared..
Liquorice is a Nordic favourite!
One thing you see everywhere in Nordic countries is liquorice, lakrits/lakrids. You find tons of liquorice candy, in chocolate, and of course as ice cream flavour, and there are several options. A pan-Scandinavian ice cream type is a round DAIM chocolate covered cream cone with a few variations, and it got recently a salt liquorice version!
raspberry liquorice ice cream and a liquorice-only shop!
During my Denmark-Sweden holiday of last summer, I got the Daim Mint variation at a 7/11 of Copenhagen station last year though. And I did try a berry-liquorice combo in Sweden though.
The Danish Classic ice creams
Frisko in Denmark, GB Glace in Sweden is the ice cream brand with the heart symbol present everywhere with different names, and many Ice creams I will mention are sold by it. Denmark has a set of all-time favourites, some have been around since the 50s!
Ice creams at the 7/11 at Fredericia stationFilur: haven’t you got cold feet on saturday? Champagne Brus: No, I am bubbling from excitement!
I have tried Københavner stang, Champagne Brus and Solbærof them. the former is just a plain lemon one (picked it because of the logo), but I enjoy Champagne brus contrast of lime-ish freshness with the chocolate covering. Solbær – which changed name from Kæmpe Eskimo for political correctness reason – is just chocolate with berry creamy filling. Still good! Kung Fu is lime and liquorice, Filur is the cute orange-raspberry water ice cream.
Sweden: pear flavour, Pippi and Emil
Other than liquorice being king, a particularly common flavour in Sweden is pear, or at least much more than it seems to me in other countries. A Finnish Swede friend told me it probably is because you cannot grow many other fruit…Piggelin by GB Glace is a pear ice cream classic.
Pressbyrån always making puns, here with ‘Vilken är fin glassiga favorit’: Which one is your classice cream?
SIA is the main competitor of GB in Sweden I guess, based in Halland. It has introduced Emil and this year Pippi ice creams!! The former is Krumelurglass (which i got in the original candy form last year, krumelurpiller), a fruity ice cream. The green part is -you guess it- pear. Emil has blueberry flavour.
pictures (c) SIA Glass
I actually tried the raspberry liquorice ice cream, the lemon cornetto, and the Swedish classic 88, read åttioåtta. Shoutout to my friend Linda & her husband who made me try it. I would have also tried a Hilda, marshmallow/strawberry-ish? ice cream covered in rainbow sprinkles, or Godisregn (‘candy rain’), basically the same concept but in a cone. Glassbåt (‘ice cream boat’), also looks interesting. There are a few versions of it. I have seen other new ones from this year with very Nordic vibes:
Konfetti gul & blå(blue-yellow as the Swedish flag) from Hemglass, lemon and blueberry ice creams with sprinkles on them.
Punschrulleglass, inspired by the green and chocolate dammsugare pastry.Hence it looks like a Danish Champagne Brus.
a Kanelbulle flavour one
Geisha ice cream- ice cream version of the famous chocolate candy by not Japanese, but Finnish Fazer.
Norway’s 17 mai ice creams
In Norway you see Diplom-Is or Hennig Olsen instead, not sure if Unilever is still behind them – Whatever. There are ‘regular’ strawberry or chocolate and cream cones, which around May get fancier for the National Day, 17 Mai, with bunad-like patterns.
I have not eaten any ice creams in Norway, but I have to say I saw nothing that stood out compared to the other countries! Please invite me to Norway to prove me wrong, haha.
That was all for now, I will probably update this post for the future summers…Or add it for Finland and Iceland and hopefully try out their ice creams!!
So subscribe to stay update on Scandinavian Ice creams:
Norwegian, Danish, Finnish and Swedish Christmas markets in Rotterdam. Christmas decorations, imported typical Nordic products for sale, a cafe with lunch and cakes in each of them!
Lucia brings light in the darkest night of the year and is a mix of pagan and christian traditions. It is celebrated in Scandinavia with processions, saffron buns and church concerts.
simple and iconic Scandinavian recipes to make yourself for a typical Nordic dinner
I have been testing Nordic dishes as someone with not-so-incredible cooking skills who likes to cook simple things, and these are three delicious and easy meal ideas I can present you, in time/complexity order from the easiest:
1. Räkmacka – Swedish Shrimp open sandwich
Typically found at cafés as savoury option for a fika, but you can easily make it yourself – (rye) bread with Shrimps, cucumbers and tomato slices on salad, often egg and lemon – add whatever you like and make it look fancy!
2. Lohikeitto – Finnish salmon soup
soup with chopped salmon, based off milk and lemon juice, and enriched by veggies as potatoes and carrots.
3. Fiskefrikadeller – Danish fishballs
Make balls after mixing fish chunks (I have used pangasius and cod) with egg, flour, spring onion – I also like to add carrot bits -, Fry them in a pan on both sides. Garnish with herbs as parsley. Complete the plate with some fresh veggies to the plate as cucumber and red cabbage. Enjoy the fishballs with remoulade sauce as the Danes do!
Here are pictures of my experiments:
räkmackalohikeittofiskefrikadeller
Disclaimer: these are my creative versions, and I do not follow 1:1 classic recipes. You find plenty of other references online! You can still see more Scandinavian and Nordic food on this blog, from my trips in Scandinavia and to Nordic cafés elsewhere.
Origin and meaning of Nordic flags and other Nordic cross flags explained
Tomorrow, 23 March, is Nordic day, on this day the Helsinki treaty, establishing the Nordic Council, was signed in 1962. Its member are all Nordic countries and autonomous regions – includingÅland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
In honour of this occurence, I am writing this post explaining Nordic (cross) flags. Scandinavians and Nordic peoples in general really like to use their flag, which are common to see in various forms and occasions, from pennants to wooden table flags, as decoration for a birthday or on a Christmas tree. But let’s go back to history!
Where Nordic flags come from: Dannebrog, the oldest flag in the world
the Nordic cross flags originated from the Danish flag, the oldest flag in the world! Also called Dannebrog, according to the legend it fell from the sky during a battle in Lyndanisse (today’s Estonian capital Tallinn) in 1219, turning 800 years old few years ago! 15th June is celebrated as Valdemarsdag in Denmark, from Valdemar Sejr,the king who fought in that battle.
The flag of the Kalmar Union, union of Scandinavia (or Denmark and Sweden, with Denmark reigning over Norway) 1397-1523, also had a Nordic cross. The Danish flag then became the model for fellow Scandinavian countries:
Sweden officially got its flag 300 years later, with a design from the 16th century, with the colors -yellow and blue – taken from the coat of arms dating back to 1275. The day on which the flag is celebrated is June 6th, Svenska flaggans dag.
Norway‘s current flag appeared in 1821 – picked among a few different flag design proposals. It was the first Nordic flag with 3 colors, maybe inspired by the French revolution wanting to get rid of the Danes…parliament member Fredrik Meltzer from Bergen said ‘it means freedom, as the French flag, and in the Flags of the Dutch and Americans, and the Union of the English’. You will see a sea of flags everywhere on 17th May, Norway’s constitution day
2oth century Nature-inspired Iceland and Finland, Faroe islands and Åland
Iceland‘s official flag became official in 1915, based off its nature: according to the Flag Act the flag colours are “sky blue”, “fire red” and “snow white”. Iceland had previously an unofficial flag called Hvítbláinn, the ‘white-blue’, used by Icelandic nationalist activists from 1897 and after 1915 partly abandoned due to its similarity to other flags. Today it is still used by the Icelandic Youth Association among others.
Finland‘s flag, called Siniristilippu“blue cross flag”, was adopted in 1917. The colors would represent the lakes Finland is rich of and snow. Finland has a Day of the Flag, Suomen lipun päivä, which also happens to be Midsummer (or Juhannus in Finnish), a very important day for the Nordics! On this day the Finnish flag is raised on Midsummer eve on 6pm, until 9pm of midsummer itsself.
Faroe Islands flag is called Merkið “drape / mark”, with a white background symbolizing the foam of the sea and the pure, radiant sky of the Faroe Islands, while the old Faroese blue and red colours are reminiscent of other Scandinavian and Nordic flags, also reminding the colors of traditional Faroese clothing. Faroese students in Denmark strongly felt the need to have their own flag, and in 1919 their newly created flag was hoisted for the first time by a student in his home village. On 25 April 1940, the British Authorities officially recognised the Merkið as the Marine Flag of the Faroe Islands. This day became later the Faroese flag day, Flaggdagur.
Åland islands, the autonomous Swedish-speaking archipelago belonging to Finland, mixes Sweden and Finland in its flag, where the red cross represented Finland as the color of its coat of arms. The red cross used to be blue, with the colors taken from a song festival in the capital Mariehamn. Since 1954 it has been the official flag of Åland, April’s last Sunday is the flag day, Ålands flaggas dag.
Regional, minority and other unofficial nordic cross flags
On this map I added official or widely used flags, not adding therefore Normandy and proposed flags
Skåne – The flag of Scania is actually quite old, and has its origin in the historical coat of arms of Lund’s (Danish) archibishop of Lund, older than the Danish Dannebrog! The Nordic cross flag was made up in the 1800s though. The third Sunday of July is Skåne flag day. skaneflaggan.nu
Finnish/Swedish minority: Flag mixes – Finland’s Swedes (looks actually the same as Skåne flag, red stands for Finland as above for Åland) and Swedish Finns, Finland’s flag with a yellow lining around the cross.
Bornholm – The island’s unofficial flag is from the 70s, designed by Bent Kaas. Green would represent the nature on the Danish island. It is mainly used in tourism and to mark local products.
Unofficial Nordic cross flags have been created for Swedish regions as Norrland, Bohuslän, Småland among others, and the Swedish Baltic Sea islands of Öland, and Gotland, although these are not really used.
Nations with Nordic ties- scandi heritage
Shetland and Orkney for their Nordic heritage, historical and cultural ties of the Scottish islands with Scandinavia. Shetland‘s flag was created in the 60s for the 500 years since its transfer to Scotland from Norway (after belonging to Norway for as long). A Nordic cross with Scottish colors. Orkney‘s flag was chosen in 2007, after a public consultation (all proposed flags were a Nordic cross). Yellow and red from Scottish and Norwegian royal coats of arms, Blue representing Scotland and the Sea.
Normandy‘s Saint Olaf flag: mainly used by regionalists movements, its name comes from the Norwegian kind Olaf Haraldson, probably baptised in Rouen, remarking the region’s viking origin.
Nordic cross flags were also proposed for Estonia in 1919, to remark its Nordic (rather than Baltic) identity and historical ties.
A cool Nordic cross flag was also proposed for Frisia, probably due to the part of Scandinavian heritage Frisian people (scattered between the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark) have.
Nordic indigenous nations without Nordic cross: Greenland and Sami people
Greenland and Sami people have a flag since 1985 and 1986, both Inuit and Sami people adopted a sun/moon symbol instead of a cross, more typical of indigenous people and their connection to nature. the sun symbol was kept however in the same left-aligned position as Nordic crosses. Greenland has had a Nordic cross flag proposal – you might guess, green was in it- , but the Greenlandic iceberg landscape-inspired design by Tue Christiansen was eventually chosen instead. its name is Erfalasorput,”our flag”. In the Sami flag sun and moon are represented as a circle. The first Sami flag, designed in 1977 by Synnøve Persens, was the simpler, red and blue with the yellow line, inspired by Sami traditional clothing. Astrid Båhl added the Green line (color more present in South sami clothing) and the circle.
sources
Norway: stortinget.no – Det Norske Flagg – et flagg i frihetens farger
Travelled to Sweden during Semlor season, deep winter, arriving by train and flixbus from the Netherlands.
Going to Sweden in the middle of winter, January-February, is usually not the preferred period, it is cold and dark, not during the festive period either. The only plus point is that it is Semla season, which was my main motivation to go there around my birthday (February 6th).
Back in November i had purchased a 10-day Interrail ticket i used during Christmas holidays, and since it was valid for 2 months after activation, i decided to give myself a birthday present and visit friends in Lund. And That would be my first time in Sweden, after Denmark and Norway!
Sweden at last!
I was supposed to arrive to Lund by train, but In Hamburg all trains to Denmark from Hamburg got cancelled due to some kind of technical problem, possibly ruining my trip. I then thankfully found a flixbus going there. You bet I was the happiest person in the world once I had secured my small holiday. After 6 hours I was in Lund!!! It had snowed a bit that evening and walking to the hostel -luckily at walkable distance from the station as it was past midnight- felt soo magical! I was the only person in town!
I stayed at Winstrup hostel, located right in the centre, a no-staff hostel, which i do recommend if you don’t feel the need for social activities within it! I had a quick meetup with my friend and that was soo cool!!
The following day started by thinking about exploring a supermarket for breakfast. I only ended up getting an egg sandwich, but fika was waiting for me..
After some miscommunication caused by me turning off data and forgetting to turning it back on, I met up with my friends, and we visited Lund’s cathedral and assisted to an explanation of a clock engine thing inside. The priestess doing that was also late. It was not that interesting, I must confess. I am also not very enthusiastic about visiting churches usually.. We could have visited a museum, but had no time really. And my friends kept saying that in winter there was not much to do anyway..
Fika and books
One of the reasons I was excited about visiting Sweden in February was Semlor!! Of course I got one, plus a räkmacka, a shrimp open-face sandwich. So good!! Semlor might not be thaaaat incredible, but it was something I absolutely had to get off my bucket list. I expected it to be harder and that the dough itsself would be almond-based, but it was actually very soft, and the almond thing is like a cream on top of the base of the semla.
Before and after we had been to a statioenery shop (Lexis Papper) and a book shop (Akademibokhandel). As one of my things from ym bucket list for Sweden, I got a journal there. I also got a book about Sami characters, and Pippi postcards! I loved checking out the bookshop..
Falafelrulle and Lördagsgodis
Lös(vikt)godis: bulk candy!
We got to ICA to get Lördagsgodis, the Saturday candy. Swedes are wild for sweets, and you can see that in their supermarkets, with an entire aisle of bulk candy and chocolates… We got them and ate them at the hostel, after having eaten a falafelrulle, 🙂
End of the trip with a Kanelbulle for breakfast
The morning I left, very early, the ICA near the station was luckily already open and I used my last hour in Sweden to get a sacred kanelbulle!! Nothing I cannot eat elsewhere, but had to tell myself I had eaten a Swedish kanelbulle..
Speaking Swedish
I actually apparently got a discount even if I should have been registered because the shop assistant was surprised I spoke Swedish, after I answered that no, I had no personnummer because I had only been in Sweden on day up to that moment in my life, that day..
A cashier at the supermarket was also surprised when I replied in Swedish after she realized I was not a local from my trouble dealing with the self-service cassa..
I did go to Sweden in summer after this trips, so check out my other posts to see the bright side of the Nordics as well!
The ‘anchor’ language concept allowed me to learn Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian easily starting from studying properly only one language. This approach helps prevent confusion and builds a solid foundational understanding of language structures.
my trips to Nordic Christmas markets at the Finnish seamen house in Rotterdam and a Swedish Christmas market in Groningen
I had been looking for a place selling Lussekatter (Lucia post) but ended up finding about Nordic Christmas markets in the Netherlands where I live! The blog post will be in Dutch – English Below
Alle Skandinavische zeemanskerken in Rotterdam organiseren Kerstmarkten in november, en ik ontdekte ze net op tijd om alleen naar de Finse Kerstmarkt te gaan. Een week later ging ik ook naar de ‘Zweedse’ kerstmarkt in Groningen. Twee heel verschillende evenementen! Spoiler- ik vond de gezellige, authentieke Finse markt veel leuker.
Finnish Christmas Market – Finse Kerstmarkt bij de Suomen Merimieskirkko in Rotterdam
De Finse kerstmarkt werd direct georganiseerd door de Finse zeemanskerk, Suomen Merimieskirkko, twee weekenden in november, en het was gratis toegankelijk. De meeste mensen hadden wel een band met Finland en het was er niet te druk, op zondag tenminste. Ik werd ook een paar keer in het Fins aangesproken en een paar mensen waren benieuwd over waarom ik daar was. Het was dus zeker perfect om wat contact met Finland en het Finse taal te hebben! Ik heb namelijk heel erg zin gekregen om Fins weer te gaan leren.
De locatie was het Finse Huis, binnen was er een soort Finse minimarkt, met ook wat andere typisch Finse spullen zoals Marimekko en Moomin merch. Daarnaast was er een café waar je van een authentieke Finse maaltijd en gebak kon genieten. Buiten was een kraam voor gegrilde worst en zelfs een Finse sauna waar je gebruik van kon maken tegen betaling!
Ik heb gekocht Fins rond gedroogd roggebrood, kaas, Fazer chocolade met salmiakki (drop). Ik was heel onzeker over kruipbraam jam (lakka is de naam van de oranje beer in het Fins – hjortron in het Zweeds, cloudberry in het Engels). Dit alles was vrij prijzig, van € 4 voor de chocoladereep tot € 13 die de jam zou hebben gekost!!! Maar goedkoper dan reizen naar Finland…
Ik heb van alles geprobeerd in het café, waaronder Joulutorttu (typisch Fins kerstgebak), Karjalanpiirakka (pasteitje met rijst vulling, waar je een ei-botermengsel op smeert), en een cake met kruipbraam jam. écht Noords en iets zuur). Daarna een Karjalan paisti, Karelische stoofvlees met aardappelpuree en augurken, € 15 met koffie erbij. Omdat ze al het overgebleven eten voor de halve prijs weggaven, kreeg ik aan het eind ook nog een broodje kardemom…
The Finnish Christmas market at the Finnish seamen Church there was a sort of Finnish minimarket, including some typical Finnish stuff as Marimekko houseware and Moomin mugs. Next to it you could have an authentic Finnish meal and cakes at the café, and sausages at a kiosk. It was also possible to try the Finnish sauna outside!|•
I bought Finnish round dried rye bread, cheese, Fazer chocolate with salmiakki, liquoricem and almost got also cloudberry jam. All these were quite pricy, from € 4 for the chocolate bar to € 13 which the jam would have costed!! But cheaper than travelling to Finland..
I tried a bit of anything at the café, and that included Joulutorttu, Karjalanpiirakka, a cloudberry jam cake. Then a Karelian stew, Karjalan paistu, with coffee included. There was a egg and butter mix to be added to the Karelian pie, but found it out late, so guess what…I ate it twice. As they were Giving away all food left for half price, i also got a cardemom bun at the end..
Swedish Christmas market – Zweedse Kerstmarkt in Groningen, Suikerfabriek
De ‘Zweedse’ markt in Groningen was in de Suikerfabriek, een voormalige suikerfabriek, dus een vrij grote plek, en er was een kaartje voor € 8-9, dat de ochtend van het evenement op zaterdag al was uitverkocht. Het was een typische kerstmarkt waar van alles werd verkocht, ook spullen, van oorbellen tot houten dingen tot handschoenen.
Er waren niet heel veel stands die Scandinavische spullen verkochten, en eigenlijk meer souvenirs in die gevallen, met een heleboel Dala-paardjes. Prenten van Scandinavische steden waren ook bij een paar te koop.
Pas Eén kraam verkocht Moomin-spullen (je zou meer verwachten als je ziet hoe vaak Moomin spullen zijn te vinde in Zweden), en een paar hadden sokken met Zweedse motieven, ook hier te koop bij Svensk Husman, en andere Pepparkakor, snoep en Julmust flessen (specerij-cola). Het eten was een beetje teleurstellend: Kanelbullar (kaneelbroodjes), een kraampje van Noorse zalm, en ‘Zweedse’ gehaktballen met standaard sauzen voor Nederland en niets meer…
De Skandinavische Vereniging en Informatie bureau in Nederland – SVIN – en culturele associatie van vertalers voor Scandinavische talen en culturen, was erbij. Ik las hardop iets voor mijn vriend daar en kreeg complimentjes voor mijn Deense uitspraak!!!
Conclusie:om Skandinavische/Zweedse (kerst) spullen en eten te vinden kon je beter naar IKEA gaan, en zonder € 8 kaartje.
Ik heb ondanks dat wel iets gekocht: een mooie Dalahäst kop en sokken, een Moomin dienblad (ik had eigenlijk een dienblad erg nodig).
Maar ben blij dat ik daar ben geweest om een vriend en Groningen te zien.
The ‘Swedish’ market in Groningen was located at an old factory now serving as a fair location, entry with a € 8-9 ticket. It was for a great part a general Christmas Market with stands selling from earrings to wooden things to gloves.
There were only a which sold legit Nordic stuff, which was actually souvenirs and a lot of Dala horse objects. another couple prints depicting Nordic cities. One was selling Moomin stuff and a couple socks with Swedish things as motifs. The food part was kind of delusional, the only Scandinavian thing to be found was Kanelbullar, and a stand selling Norwegian salmon. And ‘Swedish’ meatballs, without typical Swedish sides as lingonsylt though. The Dutch association of translators from Nordic languages also had a stand, selling some books and verb paradigm round cheat-cheets. I read out loud for my friend something and got praised for my Danish!!
I got Dala horse stuff although there was barely anything else worth being bought (thankfully for my wallet lately): A mug and socks! I already needed a tray and happened to find a Moomin one, so I went for it..
Scandinavian Christmas findings in chain shops
Naast IKEA verkopen Tiger en Søstrene Grene, Deense winkelketens, een paar typisch Scandinavische kerst artikelen met betaalbare prijzen: Julehjerter decoraties, Yule-geiten van stro, Pepparkakor/Brunkager koekjes en zakjes met Deense pepernoten.
Other than IKEA, Tiger and Søstrene Grene, as Danish shop chains, also sell some typical Scandinavian Christmas articles at affordable prices.
My summer holiday was travelling to Scandinavia by train with interrail, passing by Copenhagen, Gothenburg, lake Vänern, Aalborg and Aarhus
After having canceled my initial plan one year ago, only passing by Denmark last summer, my plan for 2024 was to go to Sweden, and as I happen to have a penpal who lives on the lake of Vänern, visit her! Once again, by train. Which means stopping by somewhere, so I also spent some time in Denmark again, before and after.
Super Quick stay in Copenhagen
I hoped I’d arrive earlier, but problems with Deutsche Bahn made me arrive a couple hours later to Denmark than what I had hoped for. First thing I got was an ice cream i had noticed last year – a Daim mint cone, I love anything chocomint!!
I booked the night at the Sleep in Heaven hostel in the Nørrebro area, so went on a tour of it after checking in. The park Superkilenlooks cooler in pictures, but that did not surprise me. Then I decided I would walk to the centre and I got a Matilde strawberry milkshake, which as probably all stawberry milkshakes tasted like medicine.
I started walking towards Nyhavn but I figured I’d better reduce the damage (it was already past 11pm) and go to sleep asap to wake up earlier and see the centre before my train to Sweden… Could have slept more but no regrets at least…At some point a studenterkørsel bus drove by, playing ‘Elskovspony’, one of my favourite Danish songs, hehe…
I woke up rather early to see Copenhagen, and walked to Nyhavn, saw Rosenborg from the gate, a super cute souvenir shop and pastel buildings. I wanted to see the Little Mermaid – Den Lille Havfrue– Copenhagen’s icon, but didn’t want to miss my train and turned back (again).
Then at the 7/11 mini Wienerbrød: “minimums” – small versions, which is great for people like me who like to taste everything possibly without overeating… I got a Spandauer and a Tebirkes!
From the Øresund to the Öresund
The Öresund train from Copenhagen (where it leaves as Øresund) was headed all the way to Gothenburg, quite packed, but I managed to get on early and have a spot. It felt great to see Sweden, after having only seen the southernmost chunk last winter (I will post about that too..).
After a few hours I was in Gothenburg, where I’d take the train to Trollhättan. First things first, checking shops at the station. Pressbyrån is everywhere, and has loads of chocolate and candy…. Besides that, you can also get your hot dog there. And of course pastries and sandwiches
I saw a lot more variety in Sweden than Denmark when it came to ice lollies, though both countries have their own classics (in Denmark Københavner stang, Champagne Brus, Kung Fu etc), and a number of common ones like the Daim cones.
Once in Trollhättan I got picked up and we went to the supermarket, which always feels somewhat exciting, haha. Funny to see walls of Potatismos and Lingonsylt being sold in buckets. And this is kräftskivor (crayfish) season, so there was equipment for it in the supermarket..
The start could not be better with Swedish husmanskost: köttbullar potatoes!!
day 1: Chill summer day in a Swedish lake town
Day started with my first Swedish breakfast. bread bread and bread with all possible jams.. And Kalles kaviar!
The first full day we went to town and I was so excited to properly fika! Apparently there’s a standard fika pink triangular pastry called Milano. I will look up why it is called like that.
Afterwards, I walked along the lake (Vänern) and in town, it truly felt like I was inside a Pippi Longstocking’s episode, it felt somewhat magical, a truly wonderful Swedish sunny summer day. Actually, there was a shop selling a lot of Pippi stuff in town! And a little Emil too..
Dinner was a ‘Swedish Taco’ as I named it, and then we went to eat icecream! the kiosk at the lake had its own ice lollies, among which an Emil one
day 2: Trip to Gothenburg
As I was reasonably close to Sweden’s second city, I obviously wanted to visit it. When I arrived to Gothenburg I did not quite understand in what direction I was supposed to go to to see the centre. I just walked somewhere, beginning with another ice cream off my list, a lemon cornetto – I also love lemon-flavored things, by the way…
I walked around, ended up to the harbour, then somehow got in the actual city centre, got postcards at a bookshop and I admired bakeries/cafés, posponing a fika break for later…After some time i stumbled upon a small library, which is always cool, but this was a godsend as it had a WiFi connection and sockets under a table to charge my phone…that probably saved my day. While walking I had seen the city’s museum, Göteborgs stadsmuseum, and decided to head back to it after the library.
The TV series Vår tid är nu was filmed there! I watched it on Netflix in 2021! I did not have time to visit the museum, but I followed my friend’s advice and went straight to the museum’s shop, which did have nice stuff indeed. Got myself a flower food box, Chritmas tree flag decoration (!) and Dala horse decoration..
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My friend also said there was a Moomin shop, which, whether my wallet liked it or not meant I knew where I wanted to go. I got a lamp and a glass, would have got more but almost € 20 for a glass was enough for this time..
I reaaally needed to go to the toilet, and I first went to the Haga city part, did not really find a café that I felt like sitting in and have a fika, so I went all the way back to where I came from and ended up getting the smallest pastry – a Mazarin. I also got to charge my phone there, which saved me again..
To not have regrets, I got a korv at Pressbyrån…and a Liquorice (Lakrits) is king in Sweden, there is liquorice chocolate, liquorice ice cream… And that was the last Ice cream I HAD to try!
Day 3: Antique and second-hand shops
We went to an antique shop nearby, which had actually quite cool stuff, including old postcards! I ended up not getting anything though.. We went to Uddevalla later to see a second hand shop! I did not see anything I wanted to get there, but at the very end I saw a table flag behind the counter, asked if it was for sale, and I got it for free!!
I found among others a wacky mug making fun of Norwegians about using the inside of the mug…
Then it was time for fika again at Kakeria in Kråkestan, and given all the sweet stuff I had been eating, I went for a räkmacka. I do have to say that you can make a macka yourself at home, but pastries and cakes are not quite as easy as placing shrimps and salad on bread…I also happened to go to the toilet in a pizzeria in front of it, which was open but nobody inside. Guess this is possible in the Swedish countryside…
After the fika, we went for a small hike
Then we went to the supermarket, and I got a ‘radioactive’ looking pear Budapest pastry. The classic version was finished, but one of my goals when in Sweden has become to try as much pear-flavored stuff as possible, haha! Another fika classic tried eitherway. The Dinner was korv with potatismos and a billion toppings I added!
Hejdå Pippi country
My time in Sweden had come to an end, and being on time at the station, I checked out souvenir shops..Pippi and Moomin souvenirs are as big as Pear and liquorice flavored food in Sweden.. And now I have my own Lilla Gubbe… and got Pippi’s Krumelurpiller candy.
As the Swedes are obsessed with candy, there was also a candy part in the shop, featuring among others the famous polkagris sticks from Gränna, and apparently a Swedish classic called king of Denmark (Kung av Danmark), haha.
Which, brings me to the next part of my holiday, heading back to Denmark.
Day 5: Arrival and trip to Aalborg
The third and last part of my holiday was 2 full days in Jutland. I took my train in the early afternoon from Gothenburg and got to Aarhus around 22… I already had a trip planned for the following day to Aalborg +meetup with friends in Aarhus.
I had never been to North Jutland, so this time I decided to visit Nordjylland’s main city, Aalborg! Instead of train though, I got there with a bus service as there were works going on on the tracks. I got Raspberry/liquorice candy from DSB!
After having been tremendously blessed with the weather in Sweden, in Aalborg it was grey and rainy, I also got a sommerhorn at the shopping centre Salling, which was with marzipan and orange. (Some classic pastries in Denmark are flødebolle, træstamme, marzipan frogs (?), Napoleonshat, nøddehorn, studenterbrød). We went to the rooftop although it was not the best day to enoy it… We had lunch at Aalborg street food. Not Danish food, although I would enjoy that too.
Then I went back to Aarhus and there the sun was shining! So I sat at the dokk1, one of my favourite places!
After that, I went to the bar my friend works at and The Danish handball team was playing, so I got a Denmark hat there ❤
Day 6: ArOS and shopping
This was the third time in Aarhus, although up until now I’ve barely been there for an entire day, and something I absolutely wanted to visit was the art museum ArOS! Which in other words is the rainbow circle building
The weather was truly perfect, sunny and windy, a blessing
I did not like the modern part that much, but the 1800-ish paintings were the best there, And as follow 2 of my favourites (there were quite a few depicting Italy, but these ones are more relevant to the blog..):
Norway! With tiny women in bunad I spotted. By Gotfred Rump
And here’s a Danish hilly coast and half-timbered house by Vilhelm Kyhn.
Then I walked here and there in the centre, got 2 books continuing my collection of Tænkepauser booklets by Aarhus University Press; after those about Dreams and Europe I got another two, about Language and Nationality! And then a flag at Søstrene Grene. Oh boy do I like flags…
Of course I had on my bucket list getting very Danish grocery stuff: my intention was to just get Karrysild (curry herring) but ended up also buying tomato herring, koldskål and Kammerjunkere, which go together (sour yogurt and cookies?).
I had tried these things in 2021 and despite getting 1L of koldskål one day before taking trains an entire summer day, I had to do this..
After this I had to leave Denmark, and I did not have the best return trip…I also got sick shortly after, probably due to some child I bumped into, but it was fun, I wonder what destination it will be next time!
(Actually, I still have to post about my first time In Sweden last winter, so stay tuned..)!
cinnamon buns, waffles, semlor and more: there is a special day dedicated to each in Sweden
Soon it is time to eat semlor pastries in Sweden! Swedes have a few days dedicated to eating a specific thing. Whether it started to honour a king or just find an excuse to bake, time to mark some days on your calendar and join them in celebrating Swedish confectionery!
Semlor: February/March – Fettisdagen
On Shrove Tuesday (fettisdagen, fet tisdag = fat Tuesday), 21 February in 2023, tons of of semlor are purchased in Sweden. A semla is a cardamom-spiced bun with almond paste and whipped cream. A perfect pastry you’d want to devour before the fastening time preceding Easter starts! Semlor are eaten in Swedish Finland too, but called fastlagsbulle there, and Fettisdagen is called fastlagstisdagen. Slightly different versions of semlor exist in the other Nordic countries too, and they are usually eaten on Shrove Monday instead: Bollur in Iceland, Fastelavnboller in Denmark/Norway. Unlike the Swedish semlor, they often have chocolate on top…
Waffles: 25 March – Våffeldagen
The christian feast of the Annunciation, in Swedish Vårfrudagen, lit. “Our Lady’s Day”, ended up becoming for most Swedes the similar-sounding våffeldagen (“waffle day”). This turned a religious day into a chance to eat heart-shaped waffles! It is also ”observed” In Norway and Denmark!
Cinnamon buns: 4 October – Kanelbullensdagen
Cinnamon bun day has been celebrated since 1999, and it was actually invented for commercial reasons: the person who made it up, Kaeth Gardestedt, was at the time working for an association of baking products producers. After almost 25 years people still bake cinnamon bunson 4th October!
Gustav Adolf pastry: 6 November – Gustav Adolfsdagen
6th November is the date of the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf’s death in 1632. The king was very generous with universities as the one of Gothenburg, where a pastry was invented in his remembrance: Gustav Adolfsbakelse. It has been popular since the late 1800s. You can see it in a lot of variations, but what makes it a Gustav Adolf pastry is the chocolate bust of the king on top!
Gingerbread biscuits: 9 December – Pepparkakansdag
Gingerbread cookies, known as pepparkakor in Sweden, probably originated in Nuremberg, Germany, in the middle ages. Mentioned in Swedish in 1444 for the first time, the word pepper was used to mean spices in it, as pepper was the most common spice at the time. Baking them became a typical Christmas thing in Sweden and other countries, remember the episode of Pippi were she cuts them in the shape of her horse and monkey? Pepparkakansdag was, similarly to Kannelbullensdag, invented in 1996 by gingerbread maker Annas Pepparkakor.
Apparently there is also a Polkagrisensdag (candy cane day) on 20th April, but it mostly promoted in Gränna, near the Vättern lake. There Amalia Eriksson invented the polkagrisstång in 1859, the red-white peppermint candy cane, and many local shops celebrate this day.
How graduating from high school is like in Sweden, Denmark, Norway!
Hats and buses
the symbol of High school graduation is a hat resembling a ship’s captain cap, the first time I saw a Swedish graduation celebration picture I was pretty confused about those hats, but it’s actually a tradition inspired by German students, spreading it to Nordic countries in the 19th century.
Another common thing in Scandinavian is that graduates celebrate around town on rented buses or trucks (sometimes saving up years just to rent one), generally playing loud music, drinking and just partying!
Denmark 🇩🇰
Danes have an oral exam as final. you have to decide who from your family is placing the hat, studenterhue, on your head, when you step out from it. It’s the norm to wear the graduation cap for at least 2 weeks, It is courtesy that people they meet on the street congratulate them, even if they don’t know each other.
The ribbon on Danish caps was originally only either blue (Mathematics students) or red (Arts students), it now comes in many different colors depending on the length of your education and which school you went to, see all possible variations on Alt.dk. There are lots of rules involving the studenterhue:
You can’t wear your cap before your last exam (it would bring bad luck)
your gradehas to be written in the center of the hat, and friends and family can leave autographs and short notes in it
friends bite in the shadow for good luck.
the students with the biggest and smallest hat size, and the ones with the highest and lowest grade average have to buy a box of beers for the class
the hat has to be cut in different ways if the student has drunk 24 units within sunrise, if he vomits, and so on to the point a which if the student goes to the hospital because of too much alcohol the whole shade is cut off.
more rules are related to having sex (heart on the sweatband if with the partner, lightning on the rim if not in a relation) , kissing someone (if same gender the cross has to be turned), breaking up (metals going off), taking a swim with only the hat on (wave in the rim)
If the student has been awake for 24 hours then the hat must be turned around (shadow in the back).
You can see more on this site dedicated to studenterhue rules (in Danish)!
The Studenterkørsel – student drive – is an important part of the celebration, renting a truck decorated with beech branches to party, drink and play loud music on (here‘s a site where the trucks & stuff can be arranged). It drives to each student’s home for around 15 minutes, for a short visit where parents give snacks and drinks before the next destination.
This can last one or two days and of course also the studenterkørsel has its own rules, among which running after the truck if you get an A in your last exam, and learning a battle cry to scream at passing student trucks!
Everyone greets and sends their congratulations when they see these trucks. On my very first day in Denmark Student buses were driving around (slowing down the bus I was on though, haha) and following my friend’s example we waved at them, flying my welcoming flag! It felt quite cool!
Sweden 🇸🇪
In Sweden there’s one big day, Studenten, but the celebration starts around the end of April, where students organize games which will give points deciding who will be the first student running out of the school on the gruaduation day; it can be anything from chill to embarrassing things to do, though maybe not as wild as what you’ll read for Norway. In May, there’s one day called Mösspåtaggning, on which students dress up nicely with their hat Studentmössa on, and with classmates they go to school and then to a restaurant or bar, celebrating that one month is left until the studenten time.
The big day of Studenten may vary depending on the school, but it is usually around 30th May to 15th June, with 6th June (Sweden national day) being the pitch.
This day starts with fellow students meeting up very early – between 4 and 7 am for the Champagnefrukost, Champagne breakfast
At 8-9 it’s time to leave for school, with some proving they can keep up with the celebration despite being drunk.
Around 10 everybody listens to the principal giving a speech, some students get diploma for things as All-A-Student etc.
At 11-12: photo shootings of classes!
Once they got their diploma, Students run out of school to their families and friends, who are waiting for them holding a picture of the graduate as a baby or small child, and give them blue-yellow chains with flowers and trinkets as plushies!
The clothing for this day is quite formal, with boys wearing suits, girls usually a white dress. each student has their name and surname embroidered on the hat, which costs around 100 euros
After staying with their families for some time, studentsget on flatbed buses driving through the city as the Danes do, dancing, drinking and partying. In some cases they just walk around instead, something which has been encouraged by authorities after several accidents involving the flatbuses occured.
Norway 🇳🇴
Norwegian graduation celebrations, Russ (short for russefeiring) is a big deal in Norway, with youngsters in overalls roaming cities for almost a month, from the end of April to the Norwegian Constitution Day, (read more about May 17th). On that day, the students are awarded their caps and join the parade in their overalls. The russ period has also become known as “the three-week binge” treukersfylla, continue reading to find out why…
The personalized overalls, russebukse, are usually red, or blue in case of financial and business studies, and personalized with patches. On this website Norwegians can get their russ equipment 😉
On the caps, Russeluer, Students write the Russ names they’ve been given, but the important part is a long cord, which gets knots (knuter) added for given dares completed before graduation: russeknuter. The tradition was introduced in the 40s, with different lists of around 100 dares for every school. Many dares involve sex and alcohol, and a lot are just hilarious. Classics are wearing loaves of bread on your feet for a whole day, not sleeping for 48 hours and bathing outside before 1st May. After criticism that russ was getting too wild, some new dares were invented to encourage teens to make good choices, such as getting tested for STDs or giving food to a homeless person.
Here are a few recurring ones (trinket – dare associated to it):
TAMPON – Put two tampons in your mouth and drink a pint of beer/cider.
TWIGS FROM THE GARDEN – Sleep in a tent in a teacher’s garden.
CANDY BURGER – Eat a cheeseburger in two bites.
“L” – Put an “L” (used for driving practice) on the back of a public transport vehicle.
CONDOM PACKAGE – Buy a pack of condoms using only body language.
BANKNOTE – Place a 5 minute poledance on a pole on a public transport.
RUBBER DUCK – Bathe with someone else in a canopy in front of the school, remember to scrub each other.
TOY FIRE TRUCK – Have safe sex during your period/with someone on theirs.
Here is the whole list of Russeknuter of Oslo for 2022 (in Norwegian). Because of what’s happening, this year there is a special Ukraine-knut, which can be gained if the class contacts a refugee centre and brings some fun activities to socially engage the young refugees there.
As the other Scandinavians Norwegians also rent or buy buses – thetradition of buying an old van or bus and painting it started in the 70s – but they do it on the next level, with their Russebuss, large coach buses completely decked out with colors, graphics, retrofitted and customized to become mobile partying units! The average Russbuss is used by 15 to 25 students and costs around $116,000!! Drivers are hired to drive them to Festivals and landstreff (national meetings) to meet Russ from whole Norway and party, party, party.
You may now wonder why students party that wildly in April. That’s because by the early 2000s, the authorities were worried about the impact all this partying and alcohol would have on the students’ grades, so the final exams in public schools were moved to early May. but what ended up happening was simply that the students started the russefeiring earlier.
Bonus: Finland 🇫🇮
The girl I portrayed on the cover picture of this article is a Finn, (@alwaystimeforbujo on ig, she posts about bullet journaling), so here is something about Finland too:
The Finnish cap, Ylioppilaslakki, is similar to the Swedish version, but instead of coloured fabric cockade, it has a metallic, gold-colored cockade depicting the lyre of Apollo, the insignia of the University of Helsinki.
Truck parties are a thing in Finland too, but in February, when students begin preparing for their final exams. A typical thing they do is dressing up in various costumes visiting the town’s school and throwing candy!
From old folk dresses varying for each district to the Sverigedräkt, a national dress for all of Sweden
Swedish folk costumes, Folkdräkter, are an important part of a Swedish cultural heritage, and are symbols for local and national identity. There are 840 different variations (550 female outfits and 290 male ones). Some of them have a rather long history, dating back from the 17th century. Members of the Swedish royal family wears a blue and yellow dress with daisy decorations on some occasions – that dress is much more recent!
Different types of Swedish folk costume
Swedish folk costumes vary by region of origin, but in some they are more common, Dalarna has a very rich folk costume culture for example.
Some from Dalarna (Leksand, ?, Rättvik), central Sweden; and Norrbotten, northern Sweden
Each district had its own tailor, and some areas with natural boundaries and good communications within the district itself but poorer connections with the outside world would develop their own designs. Among typical features are flower patterns and headgear of all kinds, from bonnets to horn-shaped hats.
Postcard with a folk costume from Dalarna. Illustration by Lena Wikman,
in the 1850s, with the industrialization of Sweden,folk costumes started to be abandoned – but around 1900, with the National romantic period, upper classes amused themselves by wearing them. Some artists also depicted them, Among others Jenny Nyström and Carl Larsson:
[…] In addition we need the bright colors of the peasant costumes. They have an invigorating effect on our senses that is all too often under-estimated and they are necessary as a contrast to the deep green pine forest and the white snow
Carl Larsson, from ‘Ett hem’ (A Home)
I got a couple postcards from Swedish penpals with paintings featuring folk costumes, by Carl Larsson (and I got a tiny Hello kitty in a svenska dräkten from the same person!) and Stina Sunesson
The invention of the Swedish National dress, Almänna svenska nationaldräkten
In 1983 Queen Silvia wore the Svenska dräkten on Sweden’s National Day, 6th June, starting a tradition. The dress she wore was relatively recent, designed by a woman called Märta Jörgensen.
Märta Jörgensen was an apprentice gardener when came to the Royal Castle of Tullgarn, in the province of Södermanland in 1900. There, all female employees wore a costume inspired by a traditional dress from Österåker, by decision of the then queen Victoria.
She then married and moved to Dalarna working as a teacher. In Falun she set up the Swedish Women’s National Costume Society, Svenska Kvinnliga Nationaldräkts-Föreningen in 1902. Her goal was to ‘achieve freedom from the dominant foreign fashion through the introduction of a national dress for Swedish women’, that had to be of a simple cut and design, influenced by national romanticism.
She designed two models, one for everyday wear, Blue with a yellow apron as the Swedish flag; the other for special occasions, with a red bodice, representing the Swedish-Norwegian Union (that lasted until 1905).
left one has been used by the royals, the right one is based on the few pictures I could find online.
The Costume Society had over 200 members in 1910, but interest decreased after WW2. Swedish folk costumes enjoyed however a comeback in the 70s. Queen Silvia wearing it on Sweden’s national day in 1983 made it the official national costume.
Side note – Definitions for Swedish folk costumes
Swedish folk costumes are called in various ways: folk folkdräkt (folk dress), landskapsdräkt(national costume), sockendräkt(provincial costume), bygde- or hembygsdräkt(parish or district costume), härads-dräkt (old jurisdictional county costume). The Swedish Museums have decided that the term folkdräkt can only be used for costumes from areas with a well documented, locally distinctive form of dress.
a Polyglot illustrating Scandinavia 